Air pollution has become an invisible predator, robbing us of the right to breathe clean air. With air quality falling to unhealthy and dangerous levels, symptoms such as eye irritation, sore throat, and severe respiratory problems have become alarmingly common. Although pollution affects everyone, pregnant women are most at risk, as poor air quality poses significant risks to both mother and child.
Dr. Shelley Singh, Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Fortis La Femme, GK, highlights how pollution affects pregnant women and shares the necessary precautions to protect the health of the mother and fetus.
How pollution affects pregnant women and children.
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
“Small particles, especially those smaller than 2.5 microns, can penetrate deep into the lungs. These particles, derived from diesel exhaust and agricultural fires, increase the risk of respiratory and heart problems,” says Dr. Shelley. For pregnant women, exposure can lead to deep breathing in the lungs. Premature delivery and possible long-term respiratory problems for the baby.”
Ozone pollution
While natural ozone protects us from UV rays, man-made pollutants can turn it into harmful smog. Pregnant women exposed to this smog face risks such as low birth weight babies and possible developmental problems such as childhood asthma. Additionally, the possibility of high blood pressure increases during pregnancy.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Carbon monoxide interferes with oxygen supply by competing with the oxygen in the bloodstream. For the growing fetus, this can mean stunted growth, low birth weight, and developmental delays due to lack of oxygen.
Cigarette smoke
“Smoking during pregnancy is harmful, but passive smoking can also have serious consequences, including miscarriage, premature birth, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS),” says Dr. Shelley. ” Studies also link cognitive disorders, learning disabilities and autism in children.
Lifelong effects on children
Exposure to pollutants can affect children from the time they are in the womb into adulthood. Issues such as low birth weight, respiratory conditions, and even cognitive challenges underscore the need for urgent action to reduce pollution-related risks.
Precautions for pregnant women during high pollution
Avoid outdoor activities during peak pollution hours.
– Stay indoors during early morning and late evening when pollution levels are high.
– Go outside only in the afternoon when the air quality is better.
Invest in a high-quality mask.
– Use an N95 or N99 mask to filter 95-99% of harmful particles.
– These masks are readily available online and are an important first line of defense.
Use an air purifier.
– Install a good quality air purifier at home to keep the indoor air clean.
– Look for purifiers with HEPA filters, which effectively remove fine particles.
Introduce air-purifying indoor plants.
– Bring plants like areca palm, snake plant and aloe vera into your home, which are known for their air purifying properties.
Keep windows closed during peak pollution
– Avoid keeping windows open during high pollution hours, especially in the morning and evening.
– Ensure adequate ventilation when air quality improves.
Pregnant women need to take extra precautions during periods of increased pollution to protect themselves and their unborn child from the harmful effects of pollution. With careful steps like wearing a mask, investing in an air purifier, and avoiding outdoor exposure, you can protect your health and give your baby the best start in life. Dealing with air pollution is not just about personal safety. Creating a clean, healthy environment for future generations is a collective responsibility.